In mammals, alanine plays a key role in a glucose-alanine cycle between tissue and liver. It’s an important source of energy for muscles and the central nervous system which strengthens the immune system and helps in the metabolism of carbohydrates and displays cholesterol-reducing effects in animals. it contains methyl group in its side chain which makes it non-polar aliphatic amino acid. 2) Alanine: (A)Īlanine is a small non-essential standard amino acid for humans. Image source: Sachin’s Biology, 37th post 20 +2 standard amino acidsĭownload the image containing a structure of amino acids 20 types from the link given at the end of this article. Glycine serves as a buffering agent, maintaining PH and preventing simple damage during electrophoresis hence it is used as a significant component of some solutions used in SDS PAGE. Glycine is a required co-agonist along with glutamate for NMDA receptors. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS. It can be categorised into both hydrophilic or hydrophobic amino acids as it can fit into a hydrophilic or hydrophobic environment because of its minimal side chain of a single hydrogen atom. Glycine doesn’t have chiral carbon hence it is the only standard amino acid that has only one stereoisomer and is optically inactive. Glycine is present in ample amounts in proteins like silk collagen (33%), fibroin (40%), and gelatin ( 25%).
This is the main reason why it occupies a maximum area on the Ramachandran plot. Hence it has minimum steric hindrance which allows much more structural flexibility as compared to other standard amino acids in the protein. Glycine is the smallest amino acid as it has a hydrogen atom has its side chain. Non-polar aliphatic R-chain Amino Acids: 1)Glycine: (G)
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